通信設計中考慮協(xié)議的靈活性,經(jīng)常把協(xié)議設計成“不定長度”。一個實例如下圖:銳米LoRa終端的通信協(xié)議幀。
如果一個系統(tǒng)接收上述“不定長度”的協(xié)議幀,將會有一個挑戰(zhàn)--如何高效接收與解析。
為簡化系統(tǒng)設計,我們強烈建議您采用“狀態(tài)機”來解析UART數(shù)據(jù)幀,并且把解析工作放在ISR(中斷服務程序)完成,僅當接收到最后一個字節(jié)(0x0D)時,再將整個數(shù)據(jù)幀提交給進程處理。該解析狀態(tài)機的原理如下圖所示:
那么ISR處理這個狀態(tài)機來得及嗎?答案是:so easy!因為它只有3個動作,運算量十分?。?/p>
比較接收數(shù)據(jù) -》 更新狀態(tài)變量 -》 存儲接收數(shù)據(jù),C語言僅3條語句,翻譯成機器指令也不超過10條。
代碼清單如下:
/**
* @brief Status of received communicaTIon frame
*/
typedef enum
{
STATUS_IDLE = (uint8_t)0,
STATUS_HEAD, /* Rx Head=0x3C */
STATUS_TYPE, /* Rx Type */
STATUS_DATA, /* Data filed */
STATUS_TAIL, /* Tail=0x0D */
STATUS_END, /* End of this frame */
} COMM_TRM_STATUS_TypeDef;
/**
* @brief Data object for received communicaTIon frame
*/
typedef struct
{
uint8_t byCnt; /* Count of 1 field */
uint8_t byDataLen; /* Length of data field */
uint8_t byFrameLen; /* Length of frame */
COMM_TRM_STATUS_TypeDef eRxStatus;
uint8_t a_byRxBuf[MAX_LEN_COMM_TRM_DATA];
} COMM_TRM_DATA;
/**
* @brief Data object for received communicaTIon frame.
* @note Prevent race condiTIon that accessed by both ISR and process.
*/
static COMM_TRM_DATA s_stComm2TrmData;
/**
* @brief Put a data that received by UART into buffer.
* @note Prevent race condition this called by ISR.
* @param uint8_t byData: the data received by UART.
* @retval None
*/
void comm2trm_RxUartData(uint8_t byData)
{
/* Update status according to the received data */
switch (s_stComm2TrmData.eRxStatus)
{
case STATUS_IDLE:
if (COMM_TRM_HEAD == byData) /* Is Head */
{
s_stComm2TrmData.eRxStatus = STATUS_HEAD;
}
else
{
goto rx_exception;
}
break;
case STATUS_HEAD:
if (TYPE_INVALID_MIN 《 byData && byData 《 TYPE_INVALID_MAX) /* Valid type */
{
s_stComm2TrmData.eRxStatus = STATUS_TYPE;
}
else
{
goto rx_exception;
}
break;
case STATUS_TYPE:
if (byData 《= MAX_LEN_UART_FRAME_DATA) /* Valid data size */
{
s_stComm2TrmData.eRxStatus = STATUS_DATA;
s_stComm2TrmData.byDataLen = byData;
}
else
{
goto rx_exception;
}
break;
case STATUS_DATA:
if (s_stComm2TrmData.byCnt 《 s_stComm2TrmData.byDataLen)
{
++s_stComm2TrmData.byCnt;
}
else
{
s_stComm2TrmData.eRxStatus = STATUS_TAIL;
}
break;
case STATUS_TAIL:
if (COMM_TRM_TAIL == byData)
{
/* We received a frame of data, now tell process to deal with it! */
process_poll(&Comm2TrmProcess);
}
else
{
goto rx_exception;
}
break;
default:
ASSERT(!“Error: Bad status of comm2trm_RxUartData()。 ”);
break;
}
/* Save the received data */
s_stComm2TrmData.a_byRxBuf[s_stComm2TrmData.byFrameLen++] = byData;
return;
rx_exception:
ClearCommFrame();
return;
}