從零造單片機(jī)需要哪些知識(shí)？

module minicpu(clk, reset, run, in, cs, pcout, irout, qtop, abus, dbus, out);
 input clk,reset,run; input [15:0] in; output [1:0] cs; output [15:0] irout, qtop, dbus, out; output [11:0] pcout, abus; wire [15:0] qnext, ramout, aluout; reg [11:0] abus; reg halt, jump, pcinc, push, pop, thru, qthru, dbus2qtop, dbus2ram, dbus2obuf, ir2dbus, qtop2dbus, alu2dbus, ram2dbus, in2dbus; reg pop2, ir2abus, qtop2abus, qnext2abus; reg [11:0] pcout, pcnext; reg [15:0] out;
 statef statef0(.clk(clk),.reset(reset),.run(run),.halt(halt),.cs(cs)); stackm stackm0(.clk(clk),.reset(reset),.load(dbus2qtop),.push(push),.pop(pop),.pop2(pop2),.thru(qthru),.d(dbus),.dthru(ramout),.qtop(qtop),.qnext(qnext)); alu alu0(.a(qtop),.b(qnext),.f(irout[4:0]),.s(aluout)); dpram #(16,10,1024) dpram0(.clk(clk),.load1(dbus2ram),.addr1(abus),.addr2(pcnext),.d1(dbus),.q1(ramout),.q2(irout));

#!/usr/bin/perl -W//*****************//print "*** LABEL LIST ***\n";foreach $l (sort(keys(%label))){ printf "%-8s%03X\n",$l,$label{$l};}
$addr=0;print "\n*** MACHINE PROGRAM ***\n";foreach (@source){ $line = $_; s/\w+://; if(/PUSHI\s+(-?\d+)/){ printf "%03X:%04X\t$line",$addr++,$MCODE{PUSHI}+($1&0xfff); } elsif(/(PUSH|POP|JMP|JZ|JNZ)\s+(\w+)/){ printf "%03X:%04X\t$line",$addr++,$MCODE{$1}+$label{$2}; }elsif(/(-?\d+)/){ printf "%03X:%04X\t$line",$addr++,$1&0xffff; } elsif(/([A-Z]+)/){ printf "%03X:%04X\t$line",$addr++,$MCODE{$1}; } else { print "\t\t$line"; }}

%{#include %}%union {char *s; int n;}%token  NAME NUMBER%destructor { free($$); } NAME NUMBER%token  IF WHILE DO%type  if0%token GOTO ELSE INT IN OUT HALT......%%int yyerror(char *s){ printf("%s\n",s); }int main(){ yyparse(); }%{ #include  #include "y.tab.h" int n=0;%}......while {yylval.n=++n;return(WHILE);}[0-9]+ {yylval.s=strdup(yytext);return(NUMBER);}[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]* {yylval.s=strdup(yytext);return(NAME);}. {return(yytext[0]);}%%int yywrap(){ return(1);}