SoC設(shè)計(jì)入門 - APB master設(shè)計(jì)（接口類基礎(chǔ)思維）

大家不要以為APB的master和slave很簡(jiǎn)單，不需要了解。這是大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)，為什么呢?

不過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)什么模塊，你都要讓它掛在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)總線上，比如你設(shè)計(jì)DMA，你就同時(shí)需要了解AMBA的master和slave設(shè)計(jì)。又比如你是設(shè)計(jì)算法計(jì)算模塊，你的數(shù)據(jù)肯定要放到sram，你當(dāng)然也要了解AMBA的master設(shè)計(jì)，將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)絚rossbar上，進(jìn)而放到指定memory。又比如SOC設(shè)計(jì)，肯定需要各種bridge，假設(shè)一個(gè)AHB2APB，你就同時(shí)需要了解AHB slave和APB master。

以APB為例，還是因?yàn)锳PB簡(jiǎn)單，但是我們可以從它學(xué)到設(shè)計(jì)的方法和思路。

既然是設(shè)計(jì)就需要spec和狀態(tài)機(jī)。

設(shè)計(jì)spec如下

1、模塊規(guī)劃

模塊diagram

2、接口描述

接口描述

3、時(shí)序描述

讀時(shí)序

讀時(shí)序

寫時(shí)序

寫時(shí)序

4、FSM

就是之前講的APB協(xié)議狀態(tài)機(jī)。如下圖

APB FSM

模塊規(guī)劃有了，接口有了，時(shí)序有了，狀態(tài)機(jī)有了，就可以開始設(shè)計(jì)coding了，代碼如下：

module apb#( parameter RD_FLAG = 8'b0 , parameter WR_FLAG = 8'b1 , parameter CMD_RW_WIDTH = 8 , parameter CMD_ADDR_WIDTH = 16 , parameter CMD_DATA_WIDTH = 32 , parameter CMD_WIDTH = CMD_RW_WIDTH + CMD_ADDR_WIDTH + CMD_DATA_WIDTH)(//-- clkrst signal input pclk_i , input prst_n_i ,

//-- cmd_in input [CMD_WIDTH-1:0] cmd_i , input cmd_vld_i , output reg [CMD_DATA_WIDTH-1:0] cmd_rd_data_o,

//-- apb interface output reg [CMD_ADDR_WIDTH-1:0] paddr_o , output reg pwrite_o , output reg psel_o , output reg penable_o , output reg [CMD_DATA_WIDTH-1:0] pwdata_o , input [CMD_DATA_WIDTH-1:0] prdata_i , input pready_i , input pslverr_i);

//-- FSM stateparameter IDLE = 3'b001;parameter SETUP = 3'b010;parameter ACCESS = 3'b100;

//-- current state and next statereg [2:0] cur_state;reg [2:0] nxt_state;

//-- data bufreg start_flag ;reg [CMD_WIDTH-1:0] cmd_in_buf ;reg [CMD_DATA_WIDTH-1:0] cmd_rd_data_buf;

/*----------------------------------------------- -- update cmd_in_buf -------------------------------------------------*/always @ (posedge pclk_i or negedge prst_n_i) begin if (!prst_n_i) begin cmd_in_buf <= {(CMD_WIDTH){1'b0}}; end else if (cmd_vld_i && pready_i) begin cmd_in_buf <= cmd_i; endend

/*----------------------------------------------- -- start flag of transfer -------------------------------------------------*/always @ (posedge pclk_i or negedge prst_n_i) begin if (!prst_n_i) begin start_flag <= 1'b0; end else if (cmd_vld_i && pready_i) begin start_flag <= 1'b1; end else begin start_flag <= 1'b0; endend

/*----------------------------------------------- -- update current state -------------------------------------------------*/always @ (posedge pclk_i or negedge prst_n_i) begin if (!prst_n_i) begin cur_state <= IDLE; end else begin cur_state <= nxt_state; endend

/*----------------------------------------------- -- update next state -------------------------------------------------*/always @ (*) begin case(cur_state) IDLE :if(start_flag)begin nxt_state = SETUP; end else begin nxt_state = IDLE; end

SETUP :nxt_state = ACCESS; ACCESS:if (!pready_i)begin nxt_state = ACCESS; end else if(start_flag)begin nxt_state = SETUP; end else if(!cmd_vld_i && pready_i)begin nxt_state = IDLE; end endcaseend

/*----------------------------------------------- -- update signal of output -------------------------------------------------*/always @ (posedge pclk_i or negedge prst_n_i) begin if (!prst_n_i) begin pwrite_o <= 1'b0; psel_o <= 1'b0; penable_o <= 1'b0; paddr_o <= {(CMD_ADDR_WIDTH){1'b0}}; pwdata_o <= {(CMD_DATA_WIDTH){1'b0}}; end else if (nxt_state == IDLE) begin psel_o <= 1'b0; penable_o <= 1'b0; end

else if(nxt_state == SETUP)begin psel_o <= 1'b1; penable_o <= 1'b0; paddr_o <= cmd_in_buf[CMD_WIDTH-CMD_RW_WIDTH-1:CMD_DATA_WIDTH]; //-- read if(cmd_in_buf[CMD_WIDTH-1:CMD_WIDTH-8] == RD_FLAG)begin pwrite_o <= 1'b0; end //-- write else begin pwrite_o <= 1'b1; pwdata_o <= cmd_in_buf[CMD_DATA_WIDTH-1:0]; end end

else if(nxt_state == ACCESS)begin penable_o <= 1'b1; endend

/*----------------------------------------------- -- update cmd_rd_data_buf -------------------------------------------------*/always @ (posedge pclk_i or negedge prst_n_i) begin if (!prst_n_i) begin cmd_rd_data_buf <= {(CMD_DATA_WIDTH){1'b0}}; end else if (pready_i && psel_o && penable_o) begin cmd_rd_data_buf <= prdata_i; endend

/*----------------------------------------------- -- update cmd_rd_data_o -------------------------------------------------*/always @ (posedge pclk_i or negedge prst_n_i) begin if (!prst_n_i) begin cmd_rd_data_o <= {(CMD_DATA_WIDTH){1'b0}}; end else begin cmd_rd_data_o <= cmd_rd_data_buf; endend

endmodule

模塊設(shè)計(jì)的比較簡(jiǎn)單，只是實(shí)現(xiàn)APB的基本功能。下面講一下設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)：

·一定要做好功課在開始coding。

·Flow control，APB的上級(jí)模塊，需要給到流控信號(hào)，告知APB master什么時(shí)候開始傳輸，什么時(shí)候結(jié)束。

·FSM，必須完全遵循AMBA的datasheet。

·時(shí)序?qū)R，和FSM一樣，接口時(shí)序要和APB協(xié)議對(duì)齊。

·重點(diǎn)中的重點(diǎn)，pready的反壓一定要逐級(jí)反壓，不能直接送到APB master的上次模塊，這樣會(huì)丟數(shù)據(jù)。

testbench如下

`timescale 1ns/1nsmodule tb_apb; reg pclk_i ; reg prst_n_i ; reg [55:0] cmd_i ; reg cmd_vld_i ; wire [31:0] cmd_rd_data_o; wire [15:0] paddr_o ; wire pwrite_o ; wire psel_o ; wire penable_o ; wire [31:0] pwdata_o ; reg [31:0] prdata_i ; reg pready_i ; reg pslverr_i ;

initial begin // rst; pclk_i = 0; prst_n_i = 1; pslverr_i = 0; cmd_i = 56'b0; cmd_vld_i = 0; prdata_i = 32'b0; pready_i = 1; #20 prst_n_i = 0; #20 prst_n_i = 1;

// cmd_in_wr(cmd_i,56'h01_FF_EE_DD_CC_BB_AA); cmd_i = 56'h01_FF_EE_DD_CC_BB_AA; cmd_vld_i = 1 ; #20 cmd_vld_i = 0; #31 pready_i = 0; #80 pready_i = 1;

#90; //cmd_in_rd(cmd_i,56'h00_AA_BB_CC_DD_EE_FF,prdata_i,32'h12_34_56_78); cmd_i = 56'h00_AA_BB_CC_DD_EE_FF; cmd_vld_i = 1; #20 cmd_vld_i = 0; #30 pready_i = 0;

#60 pready_i = 1; prdata_i = 32'h12_34_56_78;

cmd_i = 56'h00_AA_BB_CC_DD_EE_FF; cmd_vld_i = 1; #20 cmd_vld_i = 0; #30 pready_i = 0;

#50 pready_i = 1; prdata_i = 32'h11_22_33_44;

end

always #10 pclk_i = ~pclk_i;

//-- RSTtask rst; begin pclk_i = 1; prst_n_i = 1; pslverr_i = 0; cmd_i = 56'b0; cmd_vld_i = 0; prdata_i = 32'b0; pready_i = 1; #20 prst_n_i = 0; #10 prst_n_i = 1; //cmd_i = 56'h01_FF_EE_DD_CC_BB_Ab; endendtask

//-- writetask cmd_in_wr; output [55:0] cmd; input [55:0] data;

begin cmd = data; cmd_vld_i = 1 ; #20 cmd_vld_i = 0; #20 pready_i = 0; #40 pready_i = 1; endendtask

//-- readtask cmd_in_rd; output [55:0] cmd; input [55:0] data ; output [31:0] prdata; input [31:0] rd_data;

begin cmd = data; cmd_vld_i = 1; #20 cmd_vld_i = 0; #20 pready_i = 0; #40 pready_i = 1; prdata = rd_data; endendtaskinitial begin #1000 $finish;endapb tb_apb( .pclk_i (pclk_i ), .prst_n_i (prst_n_i ), .cmd_i (cmd_i ), .cmd_vld_i (cmd_vld_i ), .cmd_rd_data_o(cmd_rd_data_o), .paddr_o (paddr_o ), .pwrite_o (pwrite_o ), .psel_o (psel_o ), .penable_o (penable_o ), .pwdata_o (pwdata_o ), .prdata_i (prdata_i ), .pready_i (pready_i ), .pslverr_i (pslverr_i ) );

initial begin $fsdbDumpfile("apb.fsdb"); $fsdbDumpvars ; $fsdbDumpMDA ;end

endmodule

makefile如下：

LAB_DIR = /home/*/apb

DFILES = $(LAB_DIR)/*.v

all:clean elab rungelab: vcs -full64 -LDFLAGS -Wl,-no-as-needed -debug_acc+all -timescale=1ns/1ns \ -fsdb -sverilog -l comp.log \ ${DFILES}

run: ./simv -l run.log

rung: ./simv -gui -l run.log

verdi: verdi ${DFILES} \ -ssf ./*.fsdb &

clean: rm -rf AN.DB \ rm -rf DVEfiles \ rm -rf csrc \ rm -rf simv.* \ rm -rf *simv \ rm -rf inter.vpd \ rm -rf ucli.key \ rm -rf *.log \ rm -rf verdiLog \ rm -rf novas* \ rm -rf *.fsdb

下面是仿真結(jié)果

好了，今天講的主要就這么多，這個(gè)是基礎(chǔ)，但也是干貨，對(duì)以后設(shè)計(jì)AHB,AXI乃至NOC都非常有幫助。