基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無線電能傳輸裝置設(shè)計(jì)
摘 要: 提出了一種基于電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" title="電磁耦合陣列">電磁耦合陣列" 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隨著用電設(shè)備的增加,電線和插座也隨之大量制造和使用,造成大量物質(zhì)和能源的消耗,導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染。傳統(tǒng)電能傳輸采用有線傳輸方式,但在很多場合并不適用,如深海作業(yè)機(jī)器人、心臟起搏器、磁懸浮列車等[1-3]。電能無線傳輸一直是人類的夢想,國內(nèi)外科學(xué)家在此領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了不斷的研究與探索。
目前,無線電能傳輸主要有三種方式[4-5]:(1)微波電能傳輸方式。該方式利用無線電波收發(fā)原理,通過對載波進(jìn)行調(diào)制與解調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)傳輸電能,傳輸功率只能在幾毫瓦至一百毫瓦之間,應(yīng)用范圍不大;(2)電磁感應(yīng)無線電能傳輸方式。該方式利用變壓器原副邊耦合原理,通過交變電場和磁場傳輸電能,傳輸功率大、效率高,但距離很近,僅在1 cm內(nèi),目前已在軌道交通等方面應(yīng)用;(3)諧振耦合電能無線傳輸方式,它是前兩種的綜合方式。該方式利用電路中電感電容諧振原理傳輸電能,理論上電能的傳輸功率、傳輸距離不受限制。
本文提出了一種基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無線電能傳輸技術(shù),并在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了對該裝置的研制。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,通過微處理器完成對環(huán)形電磁耦合陣列線圈與接收線圈耦合度的檢測,控制只對耦合度最高的線圈供電,使得用電設(shè)備無論處于何種方向,總有一個發(fā)送線圈與用電設(shè)備的接收線圈接近于全耦合,保證了電能傳輸?shù)母咝省?br />1 諧振耦合模型
為了便于分析諧振耦合過程的發(fā)生,本文僅取一組發(fā)生諧振耦合的收發(fā)線圈LS與LD進(jìn)行等效電路分析。由于功率發(fā)送設(shè)備采用的均為高頻信號發(fā)射[6],所以收發(fā)線圈的寄生電阻和電容是不可忽視的,其等效模型如圖1所示。其中D表示收發(fā)線圈之間的距離,M表示收發(fā)線圈之間的互感系數(shù)。
本文提出的基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無線電能傳輸技術(shù),在設(shè)計(jì)中加入了由多個發(fā)送線圈組成的電磁耦合陣列,再經(jīng)控制系統(tǒng)搜索耦合程度最大的線圈,從而鎖定由該線圈獨(dú)立供電,使無線電能傳輸過程中的效率始終保持最高。
2 電磁耦合陣列定位
基于電磁耦合陣列定位的無線電能傳輸裝置整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)如圖2所示。通過微處理器控制電磁耦合陣列中每個線圈單獨(dú)供電并檢測供電電流,由微處理器搜索到耦合程度最大的線圈從而鎖定由該線圈獨(dú)立供電。接收線圈通過電磁感應(yīng)接收能量,并通過橋式整流器給用電設(shè)備供電。電磁耦合陣列由多個發(fā)送線圈組成,其空間結(jié)構(gòu)如圖3所示。
微處理器完成數(shù)據(jù)采集與控制指令的發(fā)出,電磁耦合陣列與接收線圈之間形成電磁耦合,接收線圈通過橋式整流器將接收到的交流信號進(jìn)行整流。A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器將整流后的直流電壓送入微處理器進(jìn)行分析與處理,最后由微處理器送出控制指令。電磁耦合陣列電氣連接圖如圖4所示。