STM32 使用HAL庫調(diào)試內(nèi)部RTC經(jīng)驗總結(jié)
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之前做項目用了正點原子的RTC例程,結(jié)果在應(yīng)用的過程中就出問題了。
原子RTC的例程如下:
//RTC初始化
//返回值:0,初始化成功;
// 2,進入初始化模式失敗;
u8 RTC_Init(void)
{
RTC_Handler.Instance=RTC;
RTC_Handler.Init.HourFormat=RTC_HOURFORMAT_24;//RTC設(shè)置為24小時格式
RTC_Handler.Init.AsynchPrediv=0X7F; //RTC異步分頻系數(shù)(1~0X7F)
RTC_Handler.Init.SynchPrediv=0XFF; //RTC同步分頻系數(shù)(0~7FFF)
RTC_Handler.Init.OutPut=RTC_OUTPUT_DISABLE;
RTC_Handler.Init.OutPutPolarity=RTC_OUTPUT_POLARITY_HIGH;
RTC_Handler.Init.OutPutType=RTC_OUTPUT_TYPE_OPENDRAIN;
if(HAL_RTC_Init(&RTC_Handler)!=HAL_OK) return 2;
if(HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&RTC_Handler,RTC_BKP_DR0)!=0X5050)//是否第一次配置
{
RTC_Set_Time(23,59,56,RTC_HOURFORMAT12_PM); //設(shè)置時間 ,根據(jù)實際時間修改
RTC_Set_Date(15,12,27,7); //設(shè)置日期
HAL_RTCEx_BKUPWrite(&RTC_Handler,RTC_BKP_DR0,0X5050);//標記已經(jīng)初始化過了
}
return 0;
}
//RTC底層驅(qū)動,時鐘配置
//此函數(shù)會被HAL_RTC_Init()調(diào)用
//hrtc:RTC句柄
void HAL_RTC_MspInit(RTC_HandleTypeDef* hrtc)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInitStruct;
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();//使能電源時鐘PWR
HAL_PWR_EnableBkUpAccess();//取消備份區(qū)域?qū)懕Wo
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType=RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE;//LSE配置
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState=RCC_PLL_NONE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState=RCC_LSE_ON; //RTC使用LSE
HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct);
PeriphClkInitStruct.PeriphClockSelection=RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC;//外設(shè)為RTC
PeriphClkInitStruct.RTCClockSelection=RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSE;//RTC時鐘源為LSE
HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInitStruct);
__HAL_RCC_RTC_ENABLE();//RTC時鐘使能
}
故障現(xiàn)象一、RTC設(shè)置日期和時間成功,按復(fù)位鍵讀取剛剛設(shè)置的日期和時間也是成功的,但斷電后時間就復(fù)位成原始值,也就是RTC_Init函數(shù)里下面這段默認的日期和時間
if(HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&RTC_Handler,RTC_BKP_DR0)!=0X5050)//是否第一次配置
{
RTC_Set_Time(23,59,56,RTC_HOURFORMAT12_PM); //設(shè)置時間 ,根據(jù)實際時間修改
RTC_Set_Date(15,12,27,7); //設(shè)置日期
HAL_RTCEx_BKUPWrite(&RTC_Handler,RTC_BKP_DR0,0X5050);//標記已經(jīng)初始化過了
}
通過單步調(diào)試跟蹤發(fā)現(xiàn)。
__IO uint32_t ret = 0 ;
ret = HAL_RTCEx_BKUPRead(&RTC_Handler, RTC_BKP_DR0) ;
ret的返回值并不是已經(jīng)標記過的值0x5050,于是查看手冊關(guān)于RTC備份寄存器的說明:
問題定位:斷電后再次讀取的數(shù)值為0x0000 0000,而并不是我之前寫入的0x5050,說明VBAT供電出現(xiàn)了問題,于是重新調(diào)整了電路,問題解決。
故障現(xiàn)象二、RTC設(shè)置日期和時間后,讀取并不是設(shè)置后的日期和時間,而是設(shè)置之前的數(shù)值
單步調(diào)試跟蹤發(fā)現(xiàn)問題出現(xiàn)在初始化的過程中,發(fā)生了硬件超時,此時發(fā)現(xiàn),讀出的ISR的值為0x80。
那咱們現(xiàn)在就要重點看看RTC_ISR這個寄存器了。
也就是說當訪問該寄存器數(shù)值的時候,&上RTC_ISR_INITF值不能等于0,我們再繼續(xù)往下看手冊。
我們看到,當?shù)?位為1時,RTC才為初始化狀態(tài),可ISR=0x80,明顯第6位為0,也就是說RTC工作不正常了。
兩個原因:
1、要不RTC壞了(機率太小,除非芯片內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)故障了,因為這是內(nèi)部RTC)
2、外部晶振出問題了。(機率很大)
于是更改代碼,配置為內(nèi)部RTC時鐘:
//RTC底層驅(qū)動,時鐘配置
//此函數(shù)會被HAL_RTC_Init()調(diào)用
//hrtc:RTC句柄
void HAL_RTC_MspInit(RTC_HandleTypeDef* hrtc)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInitStruct;
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();//使能電源時鐘PWR
HAL_PWR_EnableBkUpAccess();//取消備份區(qū)域?qū)懕Wo
/*
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType=RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSE;//LSE配置
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState=RCC_PLL_NONE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.LSEState=RCC_LSE_ON; //RTC使用LSE
*/
//20190710 啟用內(nèi)部晶振 yangyuanxin
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_LSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.LSIState = RCC_LSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct);
/*
PeriphClkInitStruct.PeriphClockSelection=RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC;//外設(shè)為RTC
PeriphClkInitStruct.RTCClockSelection=RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSE;//RTC時鐘源為LSE
*/
PeriphClkInitStruct.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_RTC;
PeriphClkInitStruct.RTCClockSelection = RCC_RTCCLKSOURCE_LSI;
HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInitStruct);
__HAL_RCC_RTC_ENABLE();//RTC時鐘使能
}
問題成功解決!
故障現(xiàn)象三、調(diào)用RTC設(shè)置日期和時間,在使用的過程中出現(xiàn)卡死現(xiàn)象
我調(diào)用的是HAL_RTC_GetTime來獲取時間,調(diào)用HAL_RTC_GetDate來獲取日期。
我調(diào)用API的順序是:
HAL_RTC_GetDate(xxxxx);
HAL_RTC_GetTime(xxxxx);
結(jié)果軟件卡死,針對這問題我折騰了很久都找不出問題的根源,后來詳細看了API上的注釋說明。
1、獲取當前的時間 HAL_RTC_GetTime
/**
* @brief Gets RTC current time.
* @param hrtc: pointer to a RTC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for RTC.
* @param sTime: Pointer to Time structure
* @param Format: Specifies the format of the entered parameters.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg RTC_FORMAT_BIN: Binary data format
* @arg RTC_FORMAT_BCD: BCD data format
* @note You can use SubSeconds and SecondFraction (sTime structure fields returned) to convert SubSeconds
* value in second fraction ratio with time unit following generic formula:
* Second fraction ratio * time_unit= [(SecondFraction-SubSeconds)/(SecondFraction+1)] * time_unit
* This conversion can be performed only if no shift operation is pending (ie. SHFP=0) when PREDIV_S >= SS
* @note You must call HAL_RTC_GetDate() after HAL_RTC_GetTime() to unlock the values
* in the higher-order calendar shadow registers to ensure consistency between the time and date values.
* Reading RTC current time locks the values in calendar shadow registers until current date is read.
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_RTC_GetTime(RTC_HandleTypeDef *hrtc, RTC_TimeTypeDef *sTime, uint32_t Format)
{
uint32_t tmpreg = 0;
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RTC_FORMAT(Format));
/* Get subseconds structure field from the corresponding register */
sTime->SubSeconds = (uint32_t)(hrtc->Instance->SSR);
/* Get SecondFraction structure field from the corresponding register field*/
sTime->SecondFraction = (uint32_t)(hrtc->Instance->PRER & RTC_PRER_PREDIV_S);
/* Get the TR register */
tmpreg = (uint32_t)(hrtc->Instance->TR & RTC_TR_RESERVED_MASK);
/* Fill the structure fields with the read parameters */
sTime->Hours = (uint8_t)((tmpreg & (RTC_TR_HT | RTC_TR_HU)) >> 16);
sTime->Minutes = (uint8_t)((tmpreg & (RTC_TR_MNT | RTC_TR_MNU)) >>8);
sTime->Seconds = (uint8_t)(tmpreg & (RTC_TR_ST | RTC_TR_SU));
sTime->TimeFormat = (uint8_t)((tmpreg & (RTC_TR_PM)) >> 16);
/* Check the input parameters format */
if(Format == RTC_FORMAT_BIN)
{
/* Convert the time structure parameters to Binary format */
sTime->Hours = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sTime->Hours);
sTime->Minutes = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sTime->Minutes);
sTime->Seconds = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sTime->Seconds);
}
return HAL_OK;
}
2、獲取當前的日期 HAL_RTC_GetDate
/**
* @brief Gets RTC current date.
* @param hrtc: pointer to a RTC_HandleTypeDef structure that contains
* the configuration information for RTC.
* @param sDate: Pointer to Date structure
* @param Format: Specifies the format of the entered parameters.
* This parameter can be one of the following values:
* @arg RTC_FORMAT_BIN: Binary data format
* @arg RTC_FORMAT_BCD: BCD data format
* @note You must call HAL_RTC_GetDate() after HAL_RTC_GetTime() to unlock the values
* in the higher-order calendar shadow registers to ensure consistency between the time and date values.
* Reading RTC current time locks the values in calendar shadow registers until Current date is read.
* @retval HAL status
*/
HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_RTC_GetDate(RTC_HandleTypeDef *hrtc, RTC_DateTypeDef *sDate, uint32_t Format)
{
uint32_t datetmpreg = 0;
/* Check the parameters */
assert_param(IS_RTC_FORMAT(Format));
/* Get the DR register */
datetmpreg = (uint32_t)(hrtc->Instance->DR & RTC_DR_RESERVED_MASK);
/* Fill the structure fields with the read parameters */
sDate->Year = (uint8_t)((datetmpreg & (RTC_DR_YT | RTC_DR_YU)) >> 16);
sDate->Month = (uint8_t)((datetmpreg & (RTC_DR_MT | RTC_DR_MU)) >> 8);
sDate->Date = (uint8_t)(datetmpreg & (RTC_DR_DT | RTC_DR_DU));
sDate->WeekDay = (uint8_t)((datetmpreg & (RTC_DR_WDU)) >> 13);
/* Check the input parameters format */
if(Format == RTC_FORMAT_BIN)
{
/* Convert the date structure parameters to Binary format */
sDate->Year = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sDate->Year);
sDate->Month = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sDate->Month);
sDate->Date = (uint8_t)RTC_Bcd2ToByte(sDate->Date);
}
return HAL_OK;
}
結(jié)果看到注釋里note的這段英文:
@note You must call HAL_RTC_GetDate() after HAL_RTC_GetTime() to unlock the values
in the higher-order calendar shadow registers to ensure consistency between the time and date values.
Reading RTC current time locks the values in calendar shadow registers until Current date is read.
也就是說,調(diào)用順序應(yīng)該是先調(diào)用HAL_RTC_GetTime,再調(diào)用HAL_RTC_GetDate,否則不能解鎖,即被鎖死。
改一下獲取日期和時間的順序:
//獲取日期和時間
int Get_Date_Time(void)
{
// //先調(diào)用GetTime,再調(diào)用GetDate,否則會發(fā)生鎖死
if(HAL_OK == HAL_RTC_GetTime(&RTC_Handler, &RTC_TimeStruct, RTC_FORMAT_BIN)
&& HAL_OK == HAL_RTC_GetDate(&RTC_Handler, &RTC_DateStruct, RTC_FORMAT_BIN))
{
current_init_time.year = RTC_DateStruct.Year + 2000;
current_init_time.month = RTC_DateStruct.Month ;
current_init_time.day = RTC_DateStruct.Date ;
current_init_time.hour = RTC_TimeStruct.Hours ;
current_init_time.minute = RTC_TimeStruct.Minutes ;
return 0 ;
}
return -1 ;
}
問題解決!
所以說,有時候我們口里念的年月日時分秒,也會在程序里,先獲取日期,再獲取時間,然而HAL庫的規(guī)則恰恰是相反的,這一點要注意了,別被坑了。
END
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