9個Linux?常用查看系統(tǒng)硬件信息命令(實(shí)例詳解)

時間：2021-09-23 16:03:33

關(guān)鍵字：硬件

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[導(dǎo)讀]在Linux下，我們經(jīng)常需要查看系統(tǒng)的硬件信息，這里我羅列了查看系統(tǒng)硬件信息的實(shí)用命令，并做了分類，實(shí)例解說。執(zhí)行環(huán)境：ubuntu16.041.cpulscpu命令，查看的是cpu的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息.root@ubuntu:/home/peng/#?lscpuArchitecture:...

在Linux下，我們經(jīng)常需要查看系統(tǒng)的硬件信息，這里我羅列了查看系統(tǒng)硬件信息的實(shí)用命令，并做了分類，實(shí)例解說。

執(zhí)行環(huán)境：ubuntu 16.04

1. cpu

lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息.

root@ubuntu:/home/peng/#?lscpu
Architecture:??????????x86_64????????????#cpu架構(gòu)
CPU?op-mode(s):????????32-bit,?64-bit
Byte?Order:????????????Little?Endian?????#小尾序
CPU(s):????????????????1?????????????????#總共有1核???
On-line?CPU(s)?list:???0
Thread(s)?per?core:????1?????????????????#每個cpu核，只能支持一個線程，即不支持超線程?
Core(s)?per?socket:????1
Socket(s):?????????????1
NUMA?node(s):??????????1
Vendor?ID:?????????????GenuineIntel?????#cpu產(chǎn)商?intel
CPU?family:????????????6
Model:?????????????????158
Model?name:????????????Intel(R)?Core(TM)?i5-7500?CPU?@?3.40GHz
Stepping:??????????????9
CPU?MHz:???????????????3408.070
BogoMIPS:??????????????6816.14
Hypervisor?vendor:?????VMware
Virtualization?type:???full?????????????#支持cpu虛擬化技術(shù)
L1d?cache:?????????????32K
L1i?cache:?????????????32K
L2?cache:??????????????256K
L3?cache:??????????????6144K
NUMA?node0?CPU(s):?????0

查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每個cpu信息，如每個CPU的型號，主頻等。

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?cat?/proc/cpuinfo
processor?:?0
vendor_id?:?GenuineIntel
cpu?family?:?6
model??:?158
model?name?:?Intel(R)?Core(TM)?i5-7500?CPU?@?3.40GHz
stepping?:?9
microcode?:?0x48
cpu?MHz??:?3408.070
cache?size?:?6144?KB
physical?id?:?0
siblings?:?1
core?id??:?0
cpu?cores?:?1
apicid??:?0
initial?apicid?:?0
fpu??:?yes
fpu_exception?:?yes
cpuid?level?:?22
wp??:?yes
.....

2. 內(nèi)存

概要查看內(nèi)存情況

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?free?-m
??????????????total????????used????????free??????shared??buff/cache???available
Mem:???????????1970?????????702?????????315??????????13?????????952????????1025
Swap:???????????974??????????20?????????954

這里的單位是MB，總共的內(nèi)存是1970MB。

查看內(nèi)存詳細(xì)使用

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?cat?/proc/meminfo?
MemTotal:????????2017516?kB
MemFree:??????????242020?kB
MemAvailable:????1003240?kB
Buffers:??????????104192?kB
Cached:???????????699824?kB
SwapCached:?????????1832?kB
Active:???????????696320?kB
Inactive:?????????639924?kB
Active(anon):?????236412?kB
Inactive(anon):???301996?kB
Active(file):?????459908?kB
Inactive(file):???337928?kB
Unevictable:??????????48?kB
Mlocked:??????????????48?kB
.....

查看內(nèi)存硬件信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?dmidecode?-t?memory
#?dmidecode?3.0?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Getting?SMBIOS?data?from?sysfs.
SMBIOS?2.7?present.
?
Handle?0x0084,?DMI?type?5,?46?bytes
Memory?Controller?Information
????Error?Detecting?Method:?None
????Error?Correcting?Capabilities:
?????????None
????Supported?Interleave:?One-way?Interleave
????Current?Interleave:?One-way?Interleave
????Maximum?Memory?Module?Size:?32768?MB
????Maximum?Total?Memory?Size:?491520?MB
????Supported?Speeds:
????????70?ns
????????60?ns
????Supported?Memory?Types:
????????FPM
????????EDO
????????DIMM
????????SDRAM
????Memory?Module?Voltage:?3.3?V
????Associated?Memory?Slots:?15
.....

內(nèi)存最大值是 491520 MB。

3. 磁盤

查看硬盤和分區(qū)分布

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?lsblk
NAME???MAJ:MIN?RM??SIZE?RO?TYPE?MOUNTPOINT
sr0?????11:0????1?1024M??0?rom??
sda??????8:0????0??500G??0?disk?
├─sda2???8:2????0????1K??0?part?
├─sda5???8:5????0??975M??0?part?[SWAP]
└─sda1???8:1????0??499G??0?part?/

查看硬盤和分區(qū)的詳細(xì)信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?fdisk?-l
Disk?/dev/sda:?500?GiB,?536870912000?bytes,?1048576000?sectors
Units:?sectors?of?1?*?512?=?512?bytes
Sector?size?(logical/physical):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes
I/O?size?(minimum/optimal):?512?bytes?/?512?bytes
Disklabel?type:?dos
Disk?identifier:?0x9c674a44

Device?????Boot??????Start????????End????Sectors??Size?Id?Type
/dev/sda1??*??????????2048?1046575103?1046573056??499G?83?Linux
/dev/sda2???????1046577150?1048573951????1996802??975M??5?Extended
/dev/sda5???????1046577152?1048573951????1996800??975M?82?Linux?swap?/?Solaris

4. 網(wǎng)卡

查看網(wǎng)卡硬件信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?lspci?|?grep?-i?'eth'
02:01.0?Ethernet?controller:?Intel?Corporation?82545EM?Gigabit?Ethernet?Controller?(Copper)?(rev?01)

查看系統(tǒng)的所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?ifconfig?-a
ens33?????Link?encap:Ethernet??HWaddr?00:0c:29:bb:bd:40??
??????????inet?addr:192.168.0.117??Bcast:192.168.0.255??Mask:255.255.255.0
??????????inet6?addr:?fe80::76fa:5548:3da0:2ef/64?Scope:Link
??????????UP?BROADCAST?RUNNING?MULTICAST??MTU:1500??Metric:1
??????????RX?packets:174629?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0
??????????TX?packets:105285?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0
??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:1000?
??????????RX?bytes:237519396?(237.5?MB)??TX?bytes:9592767?(9.5?MB)

lo????????Link?encap:Local?Loopback??
??????????inet?addr:127.0.0.1??Mask:255.0.0.0
??????????inet6?addr:?::1/128?Scope:Host
??????????UP?LOOPBACK?RUNNING??MTU:65536??Metric:1
??????????RX?packets:854?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?frame:0
??????????TX?packets:854?errors:0?dropped:0?overruns:0?carrier:0
??????????collisions:0?txqueuelen:1000?
??????????RX?bytes:60894?(60.8?KB)??TX?bytes:60894?(60.8?KB)

或者是

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?ip?link?show
1:?lo:??mtu?65536?qdisc?noqueue?state?UNKNOWN?mode?DEFAULT?group?default?qlen?1000
????link/loopback?00:00:00:00:00:00?brd?00:00:00:00:00:00
2:?ens33:??mtu?1500?qdisc?pfifo_fast?state?UP?mode?DEFAULT?group?default?qlen?1000
????link/ether?00:0c:29:bb:bd:40?brd?ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

或者

如果要查看某個網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的詳細(xì)信息，例如ens33的詳細(xì)參數(shù)和指標(biāo)

【有的ubuntu網(wǎng)口是eth0】

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?ethtool?ens33
Settings?for?ens33:
?Supported?ports:?[?TP?]
?Supported?link?modes:???10baseT/Half?10baseT/Full?
?????????????????????????100baseT/Half?100baseT/Full?#支持千兆半雙工，全雙工模式
?????????????????????????1000baseT/Full?
?Supported?pause?frame?use:?No
?Supports?auto-negotiation:?Yes?#默認(rèn)使用自適應(yīng)模式
?Advertised?link?modes:??10baseT/Half?10baseT/Full?
?????????????????????????100baseT/Half?100baseT/Full?
?????????????????????????1000baseT/Full?
?Advertised?pause?frame?use:?No
?Advertised?auto-negotiation:?Yes
?Speed:?1000Mb/s?#網(wǎng)卡的速度是1000Mb
?Duplex:?Full????#全雙工
?Port:?Twisted?Pair
?PHYAD:?0
?Transceiver:?internal
?Auto-negotiation:?on
?MDI-X:?off?(auto)
?Supports?Wake-on:?d
?Wake-on:?d
?Current?message?level:?0x00000007?(7)
??????????drv?probe?link
?Link?detected:?yes???#表示有網(wǎng)線連接，和路由是通的

5. pci

查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?lspci
?00:00.0?Host?bridge:?Intel?Corporation?82845?845?(Brookdale)?Chipset?Host?Bridge?(rev?04)
?00:01.0?PCI?bridge:?Intel?Corporation?82845?845?(Brookdale)?Chipset?AGP?Bridge(rev?04)
?00:1d.0?USB?Controller:?Intel?Corporation?82801CA/CAM?USB?(Hub?#1)?(rev?02)
?00:1d.1?USB?Controller:?Intel?Corporation?82801CA/CAM?USB?(Hub?#2)?(rev?02)
?00:1e.0?PCI?bridge:?Intel?Corporation?82801?Mobile?PCI?Bridge?(rev?42)
?00:1f.0?ISA?bridge:?Intel?Corporation?82801CAM?ISA?Bridge?(LPC)?(rev?02)
?00:1f.1?IDE?interface:?Intel?Corporation?82801CAM?IDE?U100?(rev?02)
?00:1f.3?SMBus:?Intel?Corporation?82801CA/CAM?SMBus?Controller?(rev?02)
?00:1f.5?Multimedia?audio?controller:Intel?Corporation?82801CA/CAM?AC'97?Audio?Controller?(rev?02)
?00:1f.6?Modem:?Intel?Corporation?82801CA/CAM?AC'97?Modem?Controller?(rev?02)
?01:00.0?VGA?compatible?controller:?nVidia?Corporation?NV17?[GeForce4?420?Go](rev?a3)
?02:00.0?FireWire?(IEEE?1394):?VIA?Technologies,?Inc.?IEEE?1394?Host?Controller(rev?46)
?02:01.0?Ethernet?controller:?Realtek?Semiconductor?Co.,?Ltd.?RTL-8139/8139C/8139C (rev?10)
?02:04.0?CardBus?bridge:?O2?Micro,?Inc.?OZ6933?Cardbus?Controller?(rev?01)
?02:04.1?CardBus?bridge:?O2?Micro,?Inc.?OZ6933?Cardbus?Controller?(rev?01)

由上述的輸出可以看到，我的電腦上共有3個PCI總線(0號，1號，2號）。在單個系統(tǒng)上，插入多個總線是通過橋（bridge)來完成的，橋是一種用來連接總線的特殊PCI外設(shè)。所以，PCI系統(tǒng)的整體布局組織為樹型，我們可以通過上面的lspci輸出，來畫出我的電腦上的PCI系統(tǒng)的樹型結(jié)構(gòu)：

00:00.0(主橋）--00:01.0(PCI橋）-----01:00:0(nVidia顯卡）
???????????????????|
???????????????????|---00:1d(USB控制器)--00:1d:0(USB1號控制器）
???????????????????|????????????????????|
???????????????????|????????????????????|--00:1d:1(USB2號控制器）????????????????????|
???????????????????|-00:1e:0(PCI橋)--02:00.0(IEEE1394)
???????????????????|????????????????|
???????????????????|????????????????|-02:01.0(8139網(wǎng)卡）
???????????????????|????????????????|
???????????????????|????????????????|-02:04(CardBus橋)-02:04.0(橋1）
???????????????????|???????????????????????????????????|
???????????????????|???????????????????????????????????|--02:04.1(橋2)
???????????????????|
???????????????????|-00:1f(多功能板卡)-00:1f:0(ISA橋）
????????????????????????????????????????|
????????????????????????????????????????|--00:1f:1(IDE接口)
????????????????????????????????????????|
????????????????????????????????????????|--00:1f:3(SMBus)
????????????????????????????????????????|
????????????????????????????????????????|--00:1f:5(多媒體聲音控制器)
????????????????????????????????????????|
????????????????????????????????????????|--00:1f:6(調(diào)制解調(diào)器)

由上圖可以得出，我的電腦上共有8個PCI設(shè)備，其中0號總線上(主橋)上連有4個，1號總線上連有1個，2號總線上連有3個。00:1f是一個連有5個功能的多功能板卡。

如果要更詳細(xì)的信息:

lspci?-v?或者?lspci?-vv

如果要看設(shè)備樹:lscpi -t

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?lspci?-t

6. usb

查看usb信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?lsusb
Bus?001?Device?001:?ID?1d6b:0002?Linux?Foundation?2.0?root?hub
Bus?002?Device?003:?ID?0e0f:0002?VMware,?Inc.?Virtual?USB?Hub
Bus?002?Device?002:?ID?0e0f:0003?VMware,?Inc.?Virtual?Mouse
Bus?002?Device?001:?ID?1d6b:0001?Linux?Foundation?1.1?root?hub

lsusb -t查看系統(tǒng)中的USB拓?fù)?，類似cat /sys/kernel/debug/usb/devices

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?lsusb?-t
/:??Bus?02.Port?1:?Dev?1,?Class=root_hub,?Driver=uhci_hcd/2p,?12M
????|__?Port?1:?Dev?2,?If?0,?Class=Human?Interface?Device,?Driver=usbhid,?12M
????|__?Port?2:?Dev?3,?If?0,?Class=Hub,?Driver=hub/7p,?12M
/:??Bus?01.Port?1:?Dev?1,?Class=root_hub,?Driver=ehci-pci/6p,?480M

/var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids還保存了很多設(shè)備商的VID信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?cat?/var/lib/usbutils/usb.ids?|?grep?King
?7778??Counterfeit?flash?drive?[Kingston]
?0100??Kingston?Flash?Drive?(128MB)
?c010??Kingston?FCR-HS2/ATA?Card?Reader
07cb??Kingmax?Technology,?Inc.
?4100??Kingsun?SF-620?Infrared?Adapter
?4959??Kingsun?KS-959?Infrared?Adapter
?0015??Kingston?DataTraveler?ELITE
?0016??Kingston?DataTraveler?U3
?0998??Kingston?Data?Traveler2.0?Disk?Driver
?0999??Kingston?Data?Traveler2.0?Disk?Driver
?6519??Kingston?DataTraveler?2.0?USB?Stick
?653c??Kingston?DataTraveler?2.0?Stick?(512M)
?653d??Kingston?DataTraveler?2.0?Stick?(1GB)
?6544??TransMemory-Mini?/?Kingston?DataTraveler?2.0?Stick?(2GB)
?6545??Kingston?DataTraveler?102/2.0?/?HEMA?Flash?Drive?2?GB?/?PNY?Attache?4GB?Stick
0951??Kingston?Technology
0d8a??King?Jim?Co.,?Ltd
?00a3??Smart?King?PRO?Uninterruptible?Power?Supply?(HID?PDC)
0e56??Kingston?Technology?Company,?Inc.
0f8e??Kingnet?Technology?Co.,?Ltd
13fe??Kingston?Technology?Company?Inc.
?1f00??Kingston?DataTraveler?/?Patriot?Xporter
1687??Kingmax?Digital?Inc.
16df??King?Billion?Electronics?Co.,?Ltd.
?2149??EntropyKing?Random?Number?Generator

lsusb -v查看系統(tǒng)中USB設(shè)備的詳細(xì)信息

lsusb?-v

7. lshw查看所有硬件摘要信息

下面命令可以查看所有硬件摘要信息，并輸出成一個html文件，把此html文件導(dǎo)出到電腦上，直接打開，可以清楚的看到硬件信息：

lshw?-html?>?/hardware.html

8. lsscsi查看SCSI控制器設(shè)備的信息

可以看到SCSI信息和所有虛擬磁盤以及光驅(qū)的信息，如果沒有硬件SCSI控制器，那就不會返回信息：

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?lsscsi
[2:0:0:0]????disk????VMware,??VMware?Virtual?S?1.0???/dev/sda?
[4:0:0:0]????cd/dvd??NECVMWar?VMware?SATA?CD01?1.00??/dev/sr0?

插入一個U盤后再查看：

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?lsscsi
[2:0:0:0]????disk????VMware,??VMware?Virtual?S?1.0???/dev/sda?
[4:0:0:0]????cd/dvd??NECVMWar?VMware?SATA?CD01?1.00??/dev/sr0?
[33:0:0:0]???disk????Kingston?DataTraveler?G2??1.00??/dev/sdb?

可以看到U盤為Kingston。

9. 查看bios信息

root@ubuntu:/home/peng#?dmidecode?-t?bios
#?dmidecode?3.0
Getting?SMBIOS?data?from?sysfs.
SMBIOS?2.7?present.

Handle?0x0000,?DMI?type?0,?24?bytes
BIOS?Information
?Vendor:?Phoenix?Technologies?LTD
?Version:?6.00
?Release?Date:?07/29/2019
?Address:?0xEA480
?Runtime?Size:?88960?bytes
?ROM?Size:?64?kB
?Characteristics:
??ISA?is?supported
??PCI?is?supported
??PC?Card?(PCMCIA)?is?supported
??PNP?is?supported
??APM?is?supported
??BIOS?is?upgradeable
??BIOS?shadowing?is?allowed
??ESCD?support?is?available
??Boot?from?CD?is?supported
??Selectable?boot?is?supported
??EDD?is?supported
??Print?screen?service?is?supported?(int?5h)
??8042?keyboard?services?are?supported?(int?9h)
??Serial?services?are?supported?(int?14h)
??Printer?services?are?supported?(int?17h)
??CGA/mono?video?services?are?supported?(int?10h)
??ACPI?is?supported
??Smart?battery?is?supported
??BIOS?boot?specification?is?supported
??Function?key-initiated?network?boot?is?supported
??Targeted?content?distribution?is?supported
?BIOS?Revision:?4.6
?Firmware?Revision:?0.0